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Related Concept Videos

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

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Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
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Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases01:17

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Gas chromatography (GC) relies on stationary phases to separate and analyze components in a sample. There are two main types of stationary phases: liquid and solid. Liquid stationary phases are non-volatile, thermally stable, and chemically inert liquids coated onto the column. Solid stationary phases are particles of adsorbent material, such as silica gel or molecular sieves.
For an analyte to remain on the column for a sufficient amount of time, it must exhibit some level of compatibility (or...
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Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

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The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

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High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

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High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
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Silica Gel Column Chromatography: Overview01:10

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Silica gel column chromatography is a technique for separating compounds using a column packed with silica gel as the stationary phase. This method relies on differences in the polarity of compounds. Based on their polarities, compounds move between the stationary phase (silica gel) and the mobile phase (the solvent), forming discrete bands in the column.
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Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity
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Modern analytical supercritical fluid chromatography using columns packed with sub-2 μm particles: a tutorial.

Lucie Nováková1, Alexandre Grand-Guillaume Perrenoud2, Isabelle Francois3

  • 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|April 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Modern analytical supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) offers powerful separation capabilities using sub-2 μm particles. This tutorial details SFC instrumentation, methods, and conditions for resolving challenging analytes like lipophilic compounds and basic drugs.

Keywords:
Column selectionMobile phase selectionSub-2μm particlesSupercritical fluid chromatographyTutorialUltra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography

Background:

  • Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) is an advanced separation technique.
  • Sub-2 μm particle technology enhances chromatographic performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of modern analytical SFC.
  • To discuss possibilities, limitations, and analytical conditions for sub-2 μm particle SFC.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of commercially available SFC instrumentation.
  • Discussion of various detectors (UV, MS, ELSD, FID).
  • Guidance on stationary phase selection, mobile phase composition, flow rate, backpressure, and temperature.

Main Results:

  • SFC with sub-2 μm particles enables efficient separation of diverse compounds.
  • Specific analytical conditions are required for problematic analyte classes.

Conclusions:

  • Modern SFC is a versatile technique with broad applicability.
  • Optimization of SFC parameters is crucial for successful analysis of lipophilic compounds, hydrophilic substances, and basic drugs.