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Post-traumatic epilepsy: an overview

Rebecca M Verellen1, Jose E Cavazos1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, MC 7883, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.

Therapy (London, England : 2004)
|April 25, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) and epilepsy (PTE) can occur after traumatic brain injury (TBI). While antiepileptic drugs help with acute PTS, they do not prevent the development of PTE.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) and epilepsy (PTE) are significant complications following traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • PTE is defined as recurrent, unprovoked seizures occurring at least one week after TBI.
  • Seizures within the first week are considered acute and provoked, whereas later seizures indicate PTE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis, predictors, and treatment of post-traumatic seizures and epilepsy.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in managing PTS and PTE.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trials and literature concerning TBI, PTS, and PTE.
  • Analysis of diagnostic tools including EEG and neuroimaging.
  • Identification of key predictors for PTE development.

Main Results:

  • TBI severity, intracranial bleeding, and early PTS are significant predictors of PTE.
  • Antiepileptic drugs effectively reduce the frequency of acute PTS.
  • Current evidence suggests antiepileptic drugs do not alter the long-term course of late PTS or PTE.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of risk factors is crucial for managing PTE.
  • While acute PTS can be managed, preventing the transition to chronic PTE remains a challenge.
  • Further research is needed to develop effective strategies for PTE prevention and treatment.

Keywords:
antiepileptic drugshead injurypost-traumatic epilepsyprophylaxisseizurestraumatic brain injury

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