Veterinary urban hygiene: a challenge for India

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Public Health
• Urban Ecology
• Zoonotic Disease Control

Background:

• Increasing urban populations of livestock (cattle, goats, poultry) and stray dogs in India.
• Drivers include market access for livestock and lack of control for stray animals.
• Growing animal populations exacerbate public health hazards and compromise animal welfare.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight underestimated public health risks associated with urban animal husbandry.
• To emphasize the need for improved veterinary hygiene in urban settings.
• To advocate for science-based strategies and regulations for urban animal management.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of livestock census data (2003, 2007).
• Assessment of public health hazards linked to urban animal populations.
• Review of current animal control measures and their deficiencies.

Main Results:

• Significant increases in urban crossbred cattle, goat, and poultry populations observed.
• Canine population growth linked to inadequate control measures.
• Exacerbation of zoonoses, vector-borne diseases, occupational hazards, and environmental pollution.

Conclusions:

• Current public health risks from urban animal husbandry are underestimated.
• Development of sound, science-based strategies and stringent regulations is urgently required.
• One Health approaches offer a potential solution for integrated public health problems.