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Diarrhea incidence and intestinal infections among rotavirus vaccinated infants from a poor area in Brazil: a spatial

Claudimary Bispo Santos1, Karina Conceição G M Araújo, Anne Jardim-Botelho

  • 1Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil. claudimarybs@bol.com.br.

BMC Public Health
|April 26, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Rotavirus vaccination significantly reduced acute diarrhea incidence in Brazilian infants living in areas with poor sanitation. This suggests vaccination is effective in preventing diarrhea even in challenging environmental conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Acute diarrhea is a major cause of mortality in children under five in developing nations.
  • Rotavirus is a primary cause of diarrhea, with vaccination being key for control.
  • Environmental sanitation is crucial but vaccination remains paramount for rotavirus prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess environmental conditions.
  • To spatially analyze acute diarrhea and intestinal infections in rotavirus-vaccinated infants in Brazil.

Main Methods:

  • Monthly stool sample collection and laboratory analysis from infants aged 2-11 months.
  • Demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental data collection via questionnaire.
  • Global Positioning System (GPS) for household localization and spatial analysis using TerraView software.

Main Results:

  • Diarrhea incidence was 0.5 episodes/child/year in the vaccinated cohort.
  • Overall infection rates: Ascaris lumbricoides (5.1%), Endolimax nana (3.0%), Giardia lamblia (0.9%), and rotavirus (2.6%).
  • Rotavirus and parasitic infections were detected in 3.8% and 11.3% of diarrhea-associated samples, respectively, with spatial variations observed.

Conclusions:

  • Precarious sanitation conditions contribute to high parasitic infection rates in infants.
  • Low incidence of acute diarrhea and symptomatic rotavirus infection suggests vaccine efficacy in preventing diarrhea in young children within poor sanitary settings.
Abstract

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