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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Novel Diagnostics in Revision Arthroplasty: Implant Sonication and Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Infection after primary total hip arthroplasty.

Bennie Lindeque, Zach Hartman, Andriy Noshchenko

    Orthopedics
    |April 26, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Primary total hip arthroplasty infections are rising, with a 2.5% surgical site infection rate. Intraoperative bacterial contamination significantly increases infection risk, complicating treatment for antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures are increasing annually in the US.
    • Infectious complications following THA are also rising, posing significant challenges due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review published data on the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) after primary THA, categorized by bacterial type.
    • To evaluate the impact of potentially modifiable factors on SSI risk in primary THA.

    Main Methods:

    • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases (Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed) for studies from 2001-2011.
    • Meta-analysis was performed on data from included studies examining primary THA in adults.

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    Main Results:

    • The pooled surgical site infection (SSI) rate was 2.5%, with a deep prosthetic joint infection (PJI) rate of 0.9%.
    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accounted for approximately 20% of all SSI cases, with a pooled rate of 0.5%.
    • Intraoperative bacterial wound contamination (pooled rate 16.9%) was significantly associated with an increased postoperative SSI risk (rate ratio 2.5).

    Conclusions:

    • Intraoperative bacterial contamination is a significant risk factor for developing surgical site infections after primary total hip arthroplasty.
    • The rising incidence of THA and the complexity of antibiotic-resistant infections necessitate strategies to mitigate intraoperative contamination.