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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

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The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs
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Viral microRNA genomics and target validation.

Joseph M Ziegelbauer1

  • 1HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Current Opinion in Virology
|April 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Viruses use microRNAs (miRNAs) to affect host cells. Identifying viral miRNA targets using advanced methods like CLIP and proteomics is crucial for understanding viral infection and disease.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Some viruses produce microRNAs (miRNAs) that influence host cell functions.
  • Understanding viral miRNA targets is key to deciphering their roles in infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight methods for identifying viral miRNA targets.
  • To emphasize the importance of integrating diverse datasets for a comprehensive understanding.

Main Methods:

  • Early methods included sequence analysis and mRNA expression profiling.
  • Recent advancements utilize proteomics and crosslinking immunoprecipitation (CLIP) sequencing.
  • These newer techniques uncover targets missed by traditional approaches.

Main Results:

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  • Numerous validated viral miRNA targets have been identified.
  • Proteomics and CLIP methods have proven particularly insightful.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating genomic datasets of viral miRNA targets offers deeper insights.
  • This integration aids in understanding viral infection, persistence, and pathogenesis.