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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
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Ascorbic acid and the brain: rationale for the use against cognitive decline.

Fiona E Harrison1, Gene L Bowman2, Maria Cristina Polidori3

  • 1Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. fiona.harrison@vanderbilt.edu.

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Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) plays a key role in healthy brain aging and cognitive function. Research explores its impact on neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease, and links to vascular health.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Aging Research
  • Biochemistry and Neuronal Metabolism

Background:

  • Ascorbic acid (AA, vitamin C) is crucial for numerous physiological processes.
  • Its role in maintaining brain health during aging warrants detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of ascorbic acid in promoting healthy brain aging.
  • To examine AA's involvement in the spectrum from normal cognitive aging to Alzheimer's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on biochemistry, neuronal metabolism, and tissue transport of AA.
  • Analysis of animal models relevant to brain aging and cognitive decline.
  • Examination of human studies linking AA to cognitive function and neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Results:

  • Ascorbic acid is implicated in the continuum of cognitive aging, from normal decline to Alzheimer's disease.
  • Vascular risk factors and comorbidities are associated with cognitive decline and AA levels.
  • Understanding AA's transport and metabolism is key to its neuroprotective potential.

Conclusions:

  • Ascorbic acid is a significant factor in brain health and mitigating age-related cognitive decline.
  • Further research into AA is essential for developing strategies against neurodegeneration.
  • Considering vascular health alongside AA is vital for comprehensive brain health interventions.