Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

1.2K
The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
1.2K
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

85.6K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
85.6K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

6.7K
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
6.7K
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

13.8K
The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
13.8K
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

94
Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
94
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

11.9K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
11.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long-term follow-up of neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism: redefining calcium management.

Archives of endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Clinical and molecular characterization of a novel pathogenic AIFM1 E336K mutation connecting mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration.

Cell communication and signaling : CCS·2026
Same author

Thirty Years of Hip Pain: A Missed Diagnosis of Paget's Disease.

AACE endocrinology and diabetes·2026
Same author

Tyrosine residues at the substrate binding site in human NQO1 homodimer: Protein conformational dynamics and optimization of substrate binding geometry.

The FEBS journal·2026
Same author

Long-term outcomes of metabolic and bariatric surgery: a 10-year study of effectiveness and predictors.

International journal of obesity (2005)·2026
Same author

Accuracy and Clinical Safety of the FreeStyle Libre 2 System in an Internal Medicine Intermediate Care Unit.

Cureus·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Translating Extracellular Electron Transfer Activities with Organic Electrochemical Transistors
10:44

Translating Extracellular Electron Transfer Activities with Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Published on: January 31, 2025

1.4K

Electron transferases.

Patricia Ferreira1, Marta Martínez-Júlvez, Milagros Medina

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, Zaragoza, Spain.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Flavin electron transferases use their isoalloxazine ring for redox reactions, mediating both two- and single-electron transfers. Their function in cyanobacterial photosynthesis highlights their biochemical versatility.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Flavin isoalloxazine rings are crucial redox centers in electron transferases.
  • These proteins mediate both two-electron and single-electron transfer reactions.
  • Understanding flavoprotein function is key to processes like photosynthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the characteristics of flavoproteins, focusing on their electron transfer capabilities.
  • To illustrate the versatility of flavoproteins using cyanobacterial photosynthesis as a model.
  • To present acquired knowledge on the function of two specific electron transferases in the photosynthetic electron transport chain.

Main Methods:

  • Site-directed mutagenesis
  • Steady-state and transient kinetics

More Related Videos

Efficient Purification and LC-MS/MS-based Assay Development for Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenase
10:33

Efficient Purification and LC-MS/MS-based Assay Development for Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenase

Published on: October 15, 2018

7.3K
Single-Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Methods for Real-Time Investigation of the Holliday Junction Resolution by GEN1
11:27

Single-Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Methods for Real-Time Investigation of the Holliday Junction Resolution by GEN1

Published on: September 18, 2019

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Translating Extracellular Electron Transfer Activities with Organic Electrochemical Transistors
10:44

Translating Extracellular Electron Transfer Activities with Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Published on: January 31, 2025

1.4K
Efficient Purification and LC-MS/MS-based Assay Development for Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenase
10:33

Efficient Purification and LC-MS/MS-based Assay Development for Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenase

Published on: October 15, 2018

7.3K
Single-Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Methods for Real-Time Investigation of the Holliday Junction Resolution by GEN1
11:27

Single-Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Methods for Real-Time Investigation of the Holliday Junction Resolution by GEN1

Published on: September 18, 2019

10.1K
  • Spectroscopy, calorimetry, X-ray crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance, and computational methods

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed characterization of flavoprotein biochemistry and biophysics.
    • Elucidation of the dual electron transfer capabilities (two-electron and single-electron).
    • Insights into the specific roles of two electron transferases in cyanobacterial photosynthesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Flavoproteins are versatile electron transfer agents with unique redox properties.
    • The studied cyanobacterial enzymes play essential roles in photosynthetic electron transport.
    • Multidisciplinary approaches provide comprehensive understanding of flavoprotein mechanisms.