Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
catena-Poly[[aqua-bis-(4-formyl-benzoato-κ(2) O (1),O (1'))cadmium]-μ-pyrazine-κ(2) N:N']
Fatih Celik1, Nefise Dilek2, Nagihan Caylak Delibaş3
1Department of Chemistry, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, Turkey.
Abstract:
The polymeric title compound, [Cd(C8H5O3)2(C4H4N2)(H2O)] n , contains two 4-formyl-benzoate (FB) anions, one pyrazine mol-ecule and one coordinating water mol-ecule; the FB anions act as bidentate ligands. The O atom, the aldehyde H atom and the benzene ring of one of the FB anions are disordered over two positions. The O atoms were freely refined [refined occupancy ratio 0.79 (2):0.21 (2)], while the aldehyde H atoms and the benzene ring atoms were refined with fixed occupancy ratios of 0.8:0.2 and 0.5:0.5, respectively. In the ordered FB anion, the carboxyl-ate group is twisted away from the attached benzene ring (A) by 22.7 (8)°. In the disordered FB anion, the corresponding angles are 15.6 (10) and 11.4 (11)° for rings B and B', respectively. Benzene rings A and B are oriented at a dihedral angle of 24.2 (7), A and B' at 43.0 (8)°. The pyrazine ring makes dihedral angles of 67.5 (4), 89.6 (7) and 86.2 (7)°, respectively, with benzene rings A, B and B'. The pyrazine ligands bridge the Cd(II) cations, forming polymeric chains running along the b-axis direction. In the crystal, O-Hwater ⋯ Ocarboxyl-ate hydrogen bonds link adjacent chains into layers parallel to the bc plane. These layers are linked via C-Hpyrazine ⋯ Oform-yl hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. π-π interactions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.870 (11)-3.951 (5) Å] further stabilize the crystal structure. There is also a weak C-H⋯π inter-action present.
Related Concept Videos
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling
Complexometric Titration: Ligands
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

