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Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

1.9K
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
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Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

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Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
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Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism01:18

Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism

2.0K
Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...
2.0K
IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

5.6K
Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although...
5.6K
Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

3.6K
Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is...
3.6K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

6.5K
Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
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Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
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N'-[(E)-Furan-2-ylmethyl-idene]-4-hydroxy-benzohydrazide.

Riya Datta1, V Ramya1, M Sithambaresan2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 029, India.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|April 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study details the E conformation of a C12H10N2O3 compound. Crystal packing analysis reveals a 3D supramolecular network formed by hydrogen bonds and weaker interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular conformation and crystal packing is crucial for predicting material properties.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in the self-assembly of molecules in the solid state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the crystal structure and conformation of the title compound (C12H10N2O3).
  • To investigate the intermolecular interactions governing its crystal packing.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular structure and crystal packing.
  • Analysis of dihedral angles and hydrogen bonding interactions was performed.

Main Results:

  • The title compound crystallizes in the E conformation.
  • Significant dihedral angles were observed between the ring systems and the central C(=O)N2C unit (36.73(10)° and 12.22(10)°).
  • The crystal structure is characterized by a 3D supramolecular network formed by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, supplemented by C-H⋯O interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The specific conformation and intermolecular interactions dictate the formation of a robust 3D supramolecular architecture.
  • The findings provide insights into the structure-property relationships of this class of compounds.