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The Pineal Gland

The Pineal Gland

The pineal gland, a diminutive endocrine structure named for its pinecone-shaped appearance, is situated atop the third ventricle within the diencephalon region of the forebrain. This gland, composed of secretory cells known as pinealocytes arranged in compact cords and clusters around dense particles of calcium salts, plays a pivotal role in hormonal regulation.
The primary secretion of the pineal gland is the hormone melatonin, derived from serotonin. The concentration of melatonin in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Single-Entry Point Endoscopic Intraventricular Approach for Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy

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Primary pineal malignant melanoma.

Oderay Mabel Cedeño Diaz¹, Roberto García Leal², Cesar La Cruz Pelea¹

¹Departments of Surgical Pathology and.

Clinics and Practice

|April 26, 2014

Summary

Primary pineal malignant melanoma, a rare cancer, can cause neurological symptoms like gait disturbance. This case highlights the aggressive nature of this rare tumor, emphasizing the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:

melanoma pineal gland pineal melanoma pineal tumours primary tumours of pineal gland.

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Area of Science:

Neuro-oncology
Ophthalmology
Pathology

Background:

Primary pineal malignant melanoma is an extremely rare brain tumor.
Only thirteen cases have been documented globally.

Observation:

A 70-year-old male presented with a six-month history of gait disturbance, progressing to dizziness, visual abnormalities, and diplopia.
Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 25 mm pineal gland mass with associated hydrocephalus and edema.
No other melanocytic lesions were detected in the patient.

Findings:

Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of melanoma.
The tumor was partially excised via a supracerebellar infratentorial approach.
The patient received radiation therapy post-surgery.

Implications:

This case underscores the rarity and aggressive nature of primary pineal malignant melanoma.
Early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment strategies are crucial for managing this rare condition.
Further research into the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features is warranted.