Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 30, 2026
19:53
Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
104.7K
Hemiplegic peripheral neuropathy accompanied with multiple cranial nerve palsy
Hirohisa Okuma1, Reiko Nagano1, Shigeharu Takagi1
1Department of Neurology, Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, Japan.
Clinics and Practice
|April 26, 2014
Summary
This study diagnosed peripheral neuropathy and multiple cranial nerve palsy in a patient presenting with double vision and left-sided weakness. Nerve biopsy confirmed demyelination, supporting the diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Neuroscience
- Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
Background:
- A 32-year-old male presented with acute onset of diplopia, left-sided weakness, hearing loss, and facial palsy.
- Initial neurological examination revealed multiple cranial nerve deficits and sensory impairment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the cause of the patient's complex neurological symptoms.
- To diagnose the underlying condition based on clinical, imaging, and biopsy findings.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive neurological examination, including manual muscle testing and sensory evaluation.
- Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalogram (EEG), and brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
- Left sural nerve biopsy and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
Main Results:
- Brain MRI and EEG were normal. SPECT revealed reduced blood flow in the right frontal and bilateral occipital lobes.
- Nerve biopsy showed a 30% reduction in nerve density with demyelination.
- The patient exhibited multiple cranial nerve palsies (trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal) and peripheral neuropathy.
Conclusions:
- The patient was diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy and multiple cranial nerve palsy.
- Ischemic changes on SPECT, nerve biopsy findings, and clinical presentation supported the diagnosis.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Hepatic Encephalopathy
53
DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic...
53
01:14Cranial Nerves: Types Part I
5.9K
Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
5.9K
01:26Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology
22
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
22
01:19Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction
20
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
20
01:21Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation
764
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
764
01:19Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy
5.4K
The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
5.4K