Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

1.2K
Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
1.2K
Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

2.4K
An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
2.4K
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

2.6K
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
2.6K
Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

1.3K
The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
1.3K
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

1.0K
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
1.0K
Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

2.3K
Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chemotherapy for Older Adults with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Clinical significance of citrullinated glial fibrillary acidic protein in predicting outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma.

World journal of gastrointestinal oncology·2026
Same author

High cellular prion protein expression in cholangiocarcinoma: A marker for early postoperative recurrence and unfavorable prognosis.

World journal of gastrointestinal surgery·2025
Same author

Liposomal irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and S-1 as first-line therapy for patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (NASOX): A multicenter phase I/IIa study.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)·2024
Same author

Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of the Thymus in Children with Non-Thymic Neoplasms.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

PD-1-positive cells contribute to the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and can aid in predicting response to vedolizumab.

Scientific reports·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

19.8K

Sedation regimens for gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Sung-Hoon Moon1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.

Clinical Endoscopy
|April 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Sedation is essential for gastrointestinal endoscopy, improving patient comfort and safety. This review details sedative pharmacology and regimens used by nonanesthesiologists for moderate sedation/analgesia.

Keywords:
AnalgesiaEndoscopic sedationEndoscopySedation

More Related Videos

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
07:45

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Published on: December 1, 2023

1.5K
Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
14:52

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

10.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

19.8K
Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
07:45

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Published on: December 1, 2023

1.5K
Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
14:52

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

10.9K

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Sedation enhances patient tolerance of endoscopic procedures by reducing anxiety and pain.
  • It minimizes physical injury risk during endoscopy and ensures optimal examination conditions.
  • Sedation is a critical component of modern gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the general principles of endoscopic sedation.
  • To detail the pharmacology of commonly used sedatives and analgesics.
  • To outline various sedation regimens for gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Focused review of existing literature on endoscopic sedation.
  • Analysis of pharmacological properties of midazolam, propofol, meperidine, and fentanyl.
  • Examination of sedation regimens employed by nonanesthesiologists.

Main Results:

  • Endoscopic sedation by nonanesthesiologists is a safe and effective global practice.
  • Moderate sedation/analgesia is the accepted standard for nonanesthesiologist-administered sedation.
  • Specific sedative and analgesic agents and their regimens are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Sedation is integral to safe and effective gastrointestinal endoscopy.
  • Nonanesthesiologists can safely administer moderate sedation/analgesia.
  • Understanding sedative pharmacology and available regimens is crucial for practice.