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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1...
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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms
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Auto-immune hepatitis following delivery.

Vandana Saini, Mamta Gupta, S K Mishra

    Journal of the Indian Medical Association
    |April 29, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Auto-immune hepatitis is rarely diagnosed postpartum, as pregnancy can suppress symptoms. This case highlights the importance of considering autoimmune hepatitis in postpartum liver dysfunction.

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Immunology
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Auto-immune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease characterized by inflammation and hepatocellular damage.
    • Pregnancy-induced immunosuppression can mask or delay AIH presentation, leading to spontaneous improvement in established cases.

    Observation:

    • This case presents a rare instance of AIH manifesting in the early postpartum period.
    • The patient exhibited elevated serum transaminases, interface hepatitis on histology, hypergammaglobulinemia, and auto-antibodies (ANA, SMA, LKM1).
    • Viral markers for hepatitis B and C were negative.

    Findings:

    • AIH should be included in the differential diagnosis for postpartum liver dysfunction.
    • The condition was successfully treated with corticosteroid therapy, indicating a positive response to immunosuppression.

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    Implications:

    • Early diagnosis and treatment of postpartum AIH are crucial for preventing long-term liver damage.
    • This case underscores the need for vigilance in diagnosing autoimmune liver diseases in the postpartum period.