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Related Concept Videos

Conservation of Energy: Application01:12

Conservation of Energy: Application

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When solving problems using the energy conservation law, the object (system) to be studied should first be identified. Often, in applications of energy conservation, we study more than one body at the same time. Second, identify all forces acting on the object and determine whether each force doing work is conservative. If a non-conservative force (e.g., friction) is doing work, then mechanical energy is not conserved. The system must then be analyzed with non-conservative work. Third, for...
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Conservation of Energy00:54

Conservation of Energy

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The terms 'conserved quantity' and 'conservation law' have specific scientific meanings in physics, which differ from the meanings associated with their everyday use. For example, in everyday usage, water could be conserved by not using it, by using less of it, or by re-using it. However, in scientific terms, a conserved quantity of a system stays constant, changes by a definite amount that is transferred to other systems, and is converted into other forms of that...
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Conservation of Mechanical Energy01:05

Conservation of Mechanical Energy

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The mechanical energy E of a system is the sum of its potential energy U and the kinetic energy K of the objects within it. What happens to this mechanical energy when only conservative forces cause energy transfers within the system—that is, when frictional and drag forces do not act on the objects in the system? Also assume that the system is isolated from its environment; in other words no external force from an object outside the system causes energy changes inside the system.
When a...
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Conservation of Energy in Control Volume01:14

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Consider a turbine operating under steady-flow conditions. The control volume is drawn around the turbine, with fluid entering at one point and exiting at another. The turbine extracts energy from the fluid, which performs mechanical work (shaft work).
For steady flow systems, the time derivative of the stored energy becomes zero since there is no energy accumulation within the control volume. This simplifies the energy equation to:
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Energy Conservation and Bernoulli's Equation01:16

Energy Conservation and Bernoulli's Equation

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Applying the conservation of energy principle or the work-energy theorem to an incompressible, inviscid fluid in laminar, steady, irrotational flow leads to Bernoulli's equation. It states that the sum of the fluid pressure, potential, and kinetic energy per unit volume is constant along a streamline.
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What is Energy?04:10

What is Energy?

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The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Measuring Light-Switching Behavior Using an Occupancy and Light Data Logger
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How energy conservation limits our measurements.

Miguel Navascués1, Sandu Popescu1

  • 1H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|April 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Energy conservation in quantum mechanics imposes measurement restrictions. This study develops algorithms to define these limitations, quantifying them exactly for two-level quantum systems.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Quantum measurement theory

Background:

  • Quantum measurements face restrictions due to energy conservation principles.
  • Characterizing these energy-related constraints on measurements is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how energy spectrum constraints of measurement devices limit observable properties of target systems.
  • To develop efficient algorithms for characterizing these measurement limitations.
  • To precisely quantify these limitations for two-level quantum systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of energy spectrum constraints on measurement devices.
  • Development of algorithms for characterizing measurement limitations.
  • Exact quantification of limitations for two-level quantum systems.

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Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

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Main Results:

  • Established a framework linking measurement device energy spectra to measurement limitations.
  • Provided efficient algorithms to identify and characterize these limitations.
  • Quantified the exact measurement boundaries for two-level quantum systems under energy conservation.

Conclusions:

  • Successfully identified the precise boundaries of measurable phenomena in quantum systems when energy conservation is a factor.
  • The developed methods offer a way to understand the "seeable" versus "unseeable" in quantum measurements under energy constraints.