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Published on: July 9, 2016
Identifying and characterising cerebral visual impairment in children: a review
Swetha Sara Philip1, Gordon N Dutton
1Dept of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, South India.
Insights
Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is a leading cause of low vision in children, often linked to cerebral palsy. Early identification through structured history-taking is key for effective management strategies.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology and Neurology
- Pediatric Neuro-ophthalmology
Background:
- Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) results from damage to the visual pathways behind the optic chiasm.
- It is a significant cause of childhood low vision, particularly with advances in neonatal care.
- CVI frequently co-occurs with cerebral palsy and presents with diverse manifestations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the key features of cerebral visual impairment (CVI).
- To outline practical management strategies for children with CVI.
- To emphasize the importance of structured history-taking for CVI diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
- Databases searched included Medline and Pubmed.
- Keywords encompassed "cerebral visual impairment," "cortical visual impairment," "dorsal stream dysfunction," and "visual function in cerebral palsy."
Main Results:
- CVI involves visual pathway pathology, potentially alongside anterior visual pathway issues.
- The condition presents variably and is common in children with cerebral palsy.
- Structured assessment facilitates easy identification of CVI.
Conclusions:
- CVI is a prevalent cause of visual impairment in children globally.
- Effective management relies on accurate identification and tailored strategies.
- Further research into dorsal stream dysfunction and visual function in cerebral palsy is warranted.
Abstract:
Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) comprises visual malfunction due to retro-chiasmal visual and visual association pathway pathology. This can be isolated or accompany anterior visual pathway dysfunction. It is a major cause of low vision in children in the developed and developing world due to increasing survival in paediatric and neonatal care. CVI can present in many combinations and degrees. There are multiple causes and it is common in children with cerebral palsy. CVI can be identified easily, if a structured approach to history-taking is employed. This review describes the features of CVI and describes practical management strategies aimed at helping affected children. A literature review was undertaken using 'Medline' and 'Pubmed'. Search terms included cerebral visual impairment, cortical visual impairment, dorsal stream dysfunction and visual function in cerebral palsy.
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