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Irritancy testing in cultured keratinocytes.

L Gajjar¹, D J Benford

¹Robens Institute of Health and Safety, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.

Molecular Toxicology

|January 1, 1987

Summary

This study developed an in vitro model using rat keratinocytes to test skin irritation from detergents. The model effectively ranked detergent toxicity, showing trimethylammonium bromides were most toxic, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate, and then Tweens.

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Area of Science:

Toxicology
Dermatology
In Vitro Models

Background:

Assessing topical (skin) irritation is crucial for product safety.
Existing methods may have limitations in accurately reflecting human skin responses.
In vitro models offer a controlled environment for toxicological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish and validate a differentiating keratinocyte cell line as an in vitro model for evaluating detergent-induced skin irritation.
To compare the toxicity of different detergent classes (anionic, cationic, and non-ionic) using this model.

Main Methods:

Utilized a rat sublingual epithelium-derived keratinocyte cell line.
Assessed toxicity using acid phosphatase (AP) activity after 4 hours.
Evaluated cell viability and number via neutral red (NR) uptake and kenacid blue (KB) staining after 3 days.

Main Results:

Acid phosphatase activity showed a dose-dependent peak and subsequent fall for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and trimethylammonium bromides (TMABs).
NR uptake and KB staining dose-response curves were parallel, indicating consistent assessment of cell viability and number.
The order of toxicity was consistently determined as TMABs > SDS > Tweens, with significant differences between groups.

Conclusions:

The rat keratinocyte cell line serves as a reliable in vitro model for assessing topical irritancy of detergents.
The model successfully differentiated toxicity levels among anionic, cationic, and non-ionic detergents.
This approach provides a valuable tool for preliminary screening of cosmetic and chemical products for skin irritation potential.

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