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Circulating CD36 and oxLDL levels are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in young subjects
Luz E Ramos-Arellano, José F Muñoz-Valle, Ulises De la Cruz-Mosso
1Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México. iprojas@yahoo.com.
Insights
Elevated levels of circulating CD36 and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) are linked to cardiovascular risk factors in young adults. These markers may serve as early indicators for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this population.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Health
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) stems from complex lipoprotein metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and thrombosis.
- Atherosclerosis, a primary driver of CVD, involves CD36-mediated uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and foam cell formation.
- Understanding early cardiovascular risk factors in young individuals is crucial for disease prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between soluble CD36 (sCD36) and oxLDL levels with cardiovascular risk factors.
- To evaluate these associations specifically in young adults aged 18-25 years.
- To explore potential early biomarkers for CVD in a young population.
Main Methods:
- Study included 188 young adults (18-25 years), comprising 133 normal-weight and 55 obese individuals.
- Lipid profiles and glucose levels were measured using enzymatic colorimetric assays.
- Quantification of oxLDL and sCD36 was performed via Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA); statistical analyses included Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney, chi-square tests, and multinomial regression.
Main Results:
- Obese subjects exhibited significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, triglycerides (TG), oxLDL, and sCD36 compared to normal-weight controls.
- Obese individuals had a substantially increased risk of elevated sCD36 (5.8 times) and oxLDL (7.4 times) levels.
- Subjects with hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or impaired fasting LDL-C showed a higher risk of elevated oxLDL.
Conclusions:
- Circulating levels of CD36 and oxLDL are significantly associated with established cardiovascular risk factors in young adults.
- These findings suggest that sCD36 and oxLDL may serve as valuable early biomarkers for identifying individuals at risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
- Early detection and intervention strategies targeting these biomarkers could help mitigate future CVD events in younger populations.
Background:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) results from a combination of abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and susceptibility to thrombosis. Atherosclerosis is the major cause of CVD. CD36 has been shown to play a critical role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions by its capacity to bind and promote endocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and is implicated in the formation of foam cells. The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether there is an association of sCD36 and oxLDL levels with cardiovascular risk factors in young subjects.
Methods:
A total of 188 subjects, 18 to 25 years old, 133 normal-weight and 55 obese subjects from the state of Guerrero, Mexico were recruited in the study. The lipid profile and glucose levels were measured by enzymatic colorimetric assays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISA) for oxLDL and sCD36 were performed. Statistical analyses of data were performed with Wilcoxon- Mann Whitney and chi-square tests as well as with multinomial regression.
Results:
TC, LDL-C, TG, oxLDL and sCD36 levels were higher in obese subjects than in normal-weight controls, as well as, monocyte and platelet counts (P < 0.05). Obese subjects had 5.8 times higher risk of sCD36 in the third tertil (>97.8 ng/mL) than normal-weight controls (P = 0.014), and 7.4 times higher risk of oxLDL levels in third tertile (>48 U/L) than control group. The subjects with hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, fasting impaired LDL-C had a higher risk of oxLDL levels in the third tertile (>48 U/L) than the control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
Circulating CD36 and oxLDL levels are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in young subjects and may be potential early markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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