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Related Concept Videos

Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
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Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...
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Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
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Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

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Metabolite-binding ribozymes.

Arati Ramesh1, Wade C Winkler2

  • 1The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Biophysics, 6001 Forest Park Rd, Dallas, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|April 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA molecules, known as ribozymes, catalyze biological reactions. The glmS ribozyme, a metabolite-binding ribozyme, offers insights into gene expression control and synthetic riboswitch development.

Keywords:
Posttranscriptional regulationRNA structure and functionRiboswitchRibozymeglmS

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Catalysis in biology was initially attributed solely to proteins.
  • The discovery of ribozymes revealed RNA's catalytic capabilities and versatility.
  • Naturally occurring ribozymes are crucial for essential cellular processes like translation and RNA processing.

Approach:

  • This review provides a broad overview of natural and synthetic ribozymes.
  • It emphasizes the structure and function of the glmS ribozyme as a model system.
  • The focus is on metabolite-binding ribozymes that regulate gene expression.

Key Points:

  • Riboswitches are RNA molecules that bind ligands to regulate gene expression.
  • Some riboswitches, like the glmS riboswitch, couple ligand binding to ribozyme activity.
  • The glmS riboswitch is a nucleolytic ribozyme activated by GlcN6P, leading to gene expression reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Discoveries in ribozymes have significantly advanced the understanding of noncoding RNAs.
  • The glmS ribozyme serves as a paradigm for metabolite-sensing ribozymes controlling gene expression.
  • Insights gained will aid in the future design of synthetic riboswitch-ribozymes.