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Related Concept Videos

Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
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Understanding mRNA trafficking: are we there yet?

Kevin Czaplinski1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, United States.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|April 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Messenger RNA (mRNA) localization directs protein production in cells. This review details molecular mechanisms for mRNA targeting and transport, crucial for cell function and development.

Keywords:
Molecular motorsPost-transcriptional control of gene expressionmRNA localizationmRNA trafficking

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) localization is vital for spatial and temporal control of protein synthesis.
  • Localized translation ensures proper function in diverse cell types, including neurons and developing embryos.
  • Specific mRNA sequences dictate their destination within the cytoplasm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding mRNA localization mechanisms.
  • To elucidate the molecular details of mRNA recognition and transport.
  • To highlight the importance of mRNA localization for localized translation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on mRNA localization.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms governing mRNA targeting.
  • Examination of the role of the cytoskeleton in mRNA trafficking.

Main Results:

  • Identification of specific molecular recognition events for mRNA localization.
  • Understanding the connection between mRNA and cytoskeletal elements for transport.
  • Highlighting that only localized mRNAs can be translated at specific sites.

Conclusions:

  • mRNA localization is a critical determinant of localized translation.
  • Molecular mechanisms for mRNA targeting and transport are key to cellular function.
  • Further research into these processes will advance our understanding of cell biology and development.