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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

1.2K
Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Voltammetric Techniques: Cyclic Voltammetry01:10

Voltammetric Techniques: Cyclic Voltammetry

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Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is an electrochemical technique used to investigate the redox properties of a chemical species. It involves measuring the current response of an electrochemical cell as a function of the applied potential. The setup for cyclic voltammetry typically consists of a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode—all immersed in an electrolyte solution. The working electrode is where the redox reaction of interest occurs, while the reference electrode...
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Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
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Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Balancing Redox Equations02:58

Balancing Redox Equations

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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery
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Information processing through a bio-based redox capacitor: signatures for redox-cycling.

Yi Liu1, Eunkyoung Kim1, Ian M White2

  • 1Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|April 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel electrochemical redox-capacitor for detecting redox-cycling compounds. This method offers a sensitive and rapid approach to identify compounds involved in biological processes and toxicities.

Keywords:
BiofabricationChitosanElectrodepositionRedox-cyclingSignal processing

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Redox-cycling compounds influence biological systems, impacting virulence, toxicity, and drug mechanisms.
  • Current detection methods for redox-cycling rely on reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, often using enzymatic or chemical approaches.
  • A need exists for sensitive and rapid methods to identify redox-cycling activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel electrochemical method for detecting redox-cycling activities.
  • To utilize a bio-based redox-capacitor for generating unique signatures of redox-cycling.
  • To demonstrate the capability of this system in identifying various biologically relevant compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a redox-capacitor film using electrochemistry, composed of a hydrogel with grafted catechol moieties.
  • Employing electrochemical techniques to detect signal amplifications and rectifications indicative of redox-cycling.
  • Testing the system with model redox-cyclers (ferrocene dimethanol, Ru(NH3)6Cl3) and bio-relevant compounds (ascorbate, pyocyanin, acetaminophen).

Main Results:

  • Observed distinct signal amplifications and rectifications serving as signatures for redox-cycling using model compounds.
  • Successfully differentiated between compounds that redox-cycle (pyocyanin, acetaminophen) and those that do not (ascorbate).
  • Demonstrated the capacity of the redox-capacitor to engage diffusible compounds in both oxidative and reductive redox-cycling.

Conclusions:

  • The developed redox-capacitor coupled with electrochemistry provides a rapid and sensitive platform for detecting redox-cycling.
  • This electrochemical approach offers a valuable tool for studying biologically relevant chemical activities.
  • The method shows promise for applications in toxicology, drug mechanism studies, and pathogen research.