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Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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[Reverse genetics system for flaviviruses].

Ryosuke Suzuki1, Eiji Konishi

  • 1Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.

Uirusu
|April 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Reverse genetics enables flavivirus study, overcoming cDNA instability in E. coli. This review details strategies for developing stable flavivirus infectious clones for research.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Context:

  • Flaviviruses (e.g., Dengue, West Nile) pose significant global public health threats.
  • Transmission occurs via infected mosquitoes or ticks to vertebrate hosts.
  • Reverse genetics is crucial for studying these impactful viruses.

Purpose:

  • To review the development and application of reverse genetics systems for flaviviruses.
  • To address the challenge of viral cDNA instability in E. coli during clone construction.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on flavivirus reverse genetics.

Summary:

  • Infectious full-length flavivirus clones are essential for research but face instability issues.
  • Strategies have been devised to overcome the instability of viral cDNA in E. coli.
  • This review synthesizes information on reverse genetics systems and their applications in flavivirus research.

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Impact:

  • Facilitates deeper understanding of flavivirus replication and pathogenesis.
  • Enables the development of novel antiviral strategies and vaccines.
  • Supports research into flavivirus-associated diseases impacting global health.