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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Medical therapeutics: from induction to scientific evolution.

José Pedro Lopes Nunes

    Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
    |April 29, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Medical therapeutics have evolved significantly, but new knowledge can challenge existing practices. Evidence-based medicine often relies on incomplete data, necessitating careful clinical judgment.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Therapeutics
    • Clinical Practice Evolution

    Background:

    • Medical therapeutics have undergone significant scientific evolution, impacting patient care.
    • Scientific advancements in therapeutics do not always increase certainty; new knowledge can supersede prior understanding.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the evolving nature of medical therapeutics and the challenges in evidence-based decision-making.
    • To examine the role of inductive and pseudo-deductive reasoning in clinical practice when data is limited.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of scientific evolution in medical therapeutics.
    • Review of reasoning processes in clinical decision-making under data scarcity.

    Main Results:

    • Despite scientific progress, medical therapeutics face uncertainty, with new findings often weakening established knowledge.

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  • Clinical practice frequently employs a mix of inductive and pseudo-deductive reasoning due to incomplete empirical data.

    • Conclusions:

    • Establishing effective medical treatments can be challenging with inconclusive information, especially in critical situations.
    • The principle of avoiding harm is paramount, even when definitive treatment data is absent, sometimes leading to 'no treatment' as an option.