Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

8.7K
The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
8.7K
Angular Momentum01:21

Angular Momentum

1.0K
Angular momentum characterizes an object's rotational motion and is defined as the moment of its linear momentum about a specified point O. When a particle moves along a curved path in the x-y plane, the scalar formulation calculates the magnitude of its angular momentum, utilizing the moment arm (d), representing the perpendicular distance from point O to the line of action of the linear momentum. Despite being scalar in formulation, angular momentum is inherently a vector quantity. Its...
1.0K
Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Electromagnetic Waves

10.3K
James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws...
10.3K
Electromagnetic Waves in Matter01:30

Electromagnetic Waves in Matter

2.8K
Electromagnetic waves can travel in the vacuum as well as in matter. For example light, which is an electromagnetic wave, can travel through air, water, or glass.
Consider the electromagnetic wave passing through a dielectric medium. In such a case, Maxwell's equations get modified. In Ampere's law, ε0 , the dielectric permittivity of free space is replaced with ε, the permittivity of dielectric. Also, the vacuum permeability μ0 is replaced by the permeability of the medium,...
2.8K
Electromagnetic Wave Equation01:24

Electromagnetic Wave Equation

2.6K
Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic fields are related to source charges, either static or moving. These fields act on a test charge, whose trajectory can thus be determined using suitable boundary conditions. The objective of electromagnetism is thus theoretically complete.
However, although electric and magnetic fields were first introduced as mathematical constructs to simplify the description of mutual forces between charges, a natural question emerges from Maxwell's equations:...
2.6K
Standing Electromagnetic Waves01:15

Standing Electromagnetic Waves

2.3K
Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

M2 Macrophages Promote PDGFRβ<sup>+</sup> Pericytes Migration After Spinal Cord Injury in Mice <i>via</i> PDGFB/PDGFRβ Pathway.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2021
Same author

Competing risk model to determine the prognostic factors and treatment strategies for elderly patients with glioblastoma.

Scientific reports·2021
Same author

The Survival Benefits of Surgical Resection and Adjuvant Therapy for Patients With Brainstem Glioma.

Frontiers in oncology·2021
Same author

Preparation and stability mechanisms of double emulsions stabilized by gelatinized native starch.

Carbohydrate polymers·2021
Same author

Two 1,4-α-glucan branching enzymes successively rearrange glycosidic bonds: A novel synergistic approach for reducing starch digestibility.

Carbohydrate polymers·2021
Same author

Autoimmune encephalitis after Japanese encephalitis in children: A prospective study.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
12:14

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

22.7K

Generation of electromagnetic waves with arbitrary orbital angular momentum modes.

Li Cheng1, Wei Hong1, Zhang-Cheng Hao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.

Scientific Reports
|April 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a planar-spiral phase plate (planar-SPP) to generate orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams for radio communication. This new method allows for flexible control over OAM modes, enabling advanced wireless applications.

More Related Videos

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.0K
Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
12:18

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

16.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
12:14

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

22.7K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.0K
Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
12:18

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

16.4K

Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics and Optics
  • Wireless Communication Technologies
  • Antenna Engineering

Background:

  • Orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams are gaining attention for advanced radio communication.
  • Generating arbitrary OAM modes efficiently remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate a planar-spiral phase plate (planar-SPP) for generating arbitrary mixed OAM beams.
  • To validate the design and experimental performance of the planar-SPP for OAM beam generation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a transmit array antenna concept with a perforated substrate.
  • Designed and fabricated planar-SPPs to control output phase for OAM generation.
  • Conducted experiments around 94 GHz to generate single and mixed OAM modes.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated beams with single and mixed orbital angular momentum modes.
  • Experimental intensity and phase patterns confirmed the effective generation of OAM beams.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of the planar-SPP for arbitrary OAM beam synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed planar-SPP is an effective method for generating arbitrary mixed OAM beams.
  • This technology holds promise for future radio communication systems utilizing OAM.
  • The experimental results validate the design principles of the planar-SPP for OAM applications.