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Related Experiment Video

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Mapping the After-effects of Theta Burst Stimulation on the Human Auditory Cortex with Functional Imaging
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Pitch Memory in Nonmusicians and Musicians: Revealing Functional Differences Using Transcranial Direct Current

N K Schaal1, V Krause2, K Lange1

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|April 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Investigating pitch memory, this study found the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) plays a causal role. Left SMG disruption impaired nonmusicians

Keywords:
cathodal stimulationexpertisefunctional involvementplasticitysupramarginal gyrus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • Memory for relative pitches is crucial for music and language processing.
  • Previous functional imaging studies indicate a complex neural network underlies pitch memory.
  • The supramarginal gyrus (SMG) has been identified as causally involved in pitch memory for nonmusicians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate the causal role of the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) in pitch memory.
  • To investigate the specific functions of the left and right SMG in pitch memory for both musicians and nonmusicians.
  • To examine the SMG's role in processing varying memory loads for pitch sequences.

Main Methods:

  • Employed cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left SMG, right SMG, or sham condition.
  • Participants included both nonmusicians and musicians.
  • Tasks involved pitch recognition, pitch recall, and a visual memory control task.

Main Results:

  • Cathodal tDCS over the left SMG significantly impaired pitch memory performance in nonmusicians.
  • In musicians, left SMG stimulation had no effect, while right SMG stimulation impaired pitch recognition.
  • Performance degradation increased with longer pitch sequences, suggesting SMG involvement in higher memory loads.

Conclusions:

  • The supramarginal gyrus (SMG) plays a causal role in pitch memory, with distinct functions for its left and right hemispheres.
  • These hemispheric functions differ between musicians and nonmusicians.
  • The SMG is critical for maintaining pitch information, particularly under increased memory load.