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Small intestinal permeability in older adults.

Luzia Valentini1, Sara Ramminger, Verena Haas

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Section of Nutritional Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

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|April 29, 2014
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Summary

Small intestinal barrier integrity remains stable in healthy aging. However, combining low-grade inflammation with conditions like type 2 diabetes significantly compromises intestinal permeability in older adults.

Keywords:
Agingcardiovascular riskgut leakinesssmall intestinesugar test

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Aging Research
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Intestinal mucosal permeability is crucial for nutrient absorption and preventing pathogen translocation.
  • Changes in intestinal barrier function with aging are not well understood, impacting geriatric nutrition and drug efficacy.
  • Assessing small intestinal permeability is vital for understanding age-related physiological shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether small intestinal barrier integrity deteriorates in healthy aging adults.
  • To determine the relationship between aging, low-grade inflammation, and type 2 diabetes on intestinal permeability.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 215 healthy adults (84 aged 60-82 years).
  • Oral administration of lactulose and mannitol, followed by 5-hour urine collection.
  • Calculation of permeability index (PI = lactulose/mannitol) to assess small intestinal permeability.
  • Assessment of low-grade inflammation (hs-CRP) and kidney function (eGFR) in older adults.

Main Results:

  • Small intestinal permeability (PI) was similar between older and younger adults (P = 0.887).
  • Older adults showed lower urinary recovery of lactulose and mannitol, independent of urinary volume or eGFR.
  • PI was not significantly correlated with low-grade inflammation or type 2 diabetes alone.
  • PI significantly deteriorated when low-grade inflammation and type 2 diabetes were present concurrently (P = 0.043, P = 0.015).

Conclusions:

  • Small intestinal mucosal barrier integrity does not deteriorate with age alone in healthy individuals.
  • The combination of low-grade inflammation and conditions like type 2 diabetes can compromise small intestinal barrier function in older adults.
  • These findings highlight the importance of managing inflammation and comorbidities to maintain gut health in aging populations.