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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

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Asthmatic patients have neutrophils that exhibit diminished responsiveness to adenosine.

The American review of respiratory disease·1989
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Dysregulation of arachidonic acid release and metabolism by atopic mononuclear cells.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
10:31

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

Published on: October 25, 2018

Immune mechanisms in allergen-specific immunotherapy.

R E Rocklin1

  • 1Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877.

Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology
|November 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Allergen-specific immunotherapy effectively treats allergic rhinitis and asthma by inducing immune system changes. These modifications, including suppressor T cells, may explain its clinical benefits, though the exact mechanism requires further study.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is clinically effective for allergic rhinitis and asthma.
  • ASIT induces significant immunologic changes in patients.
  • The precise mechanism linking these immunologic changes to clinical efficacy remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the immunologic changes associated with allergen-specific immunotherapy.
  • To investigate the potential role of immunoregulatory responses in ASIT's clinical effectiveness.
  • To identify potential targets for improving ASIT outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Monitoring of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels.
  • Assessment of basophil histamine release and lymphocyte proliferation.

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  • Evaluation of lymphokine production and T cell responses, including suppressor T cells.
  • Investigation of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody generation.

    • Main Results:

    • ASIT is associated with a blunting of seasonal IgE rise and reduced baseline IgE.
    • Increased allergen-specific IgG responses and auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies are observed.
    • Reduced basophil histamine release, decreased lymphocyte proliferation, and altered lymphokine production occur.
    • Generation of allergen-specific suppressor T cells that modulate immune responses is noted.

    Conclusions:

    • Immunologic changes, particularly the development of regulatory responses like suppressor T cells and anti-idiotypic antibodies, are hallmarks of successful ASIT.
    • While these changes are observed, their direct correlation with clinical outcomes needs further investigation.
    • Identifying specific allergen epitopes that induce tolerance could lead to improved ASIT strategies and reduced allergic disease.