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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Teratogenicity01:07

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Diabetes Insipidus I: Introduction01:29

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Definition Diabetes insipidus is a disorder marked by the production of large amounts of dilute urine because of impaired vasopressin production, release, or kidney response. The lack of effective vasopressin action limits water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts, which leads to excessive urinary water loss and intense thirst.Clinical PresentationIndividuals with diabetes insipidus report persistent thirst and very high urine output. In severe cases, fluid intake can reach up to 20...
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Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management01:24

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Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...
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Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology

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Normally, water balance is maintained through three interconnected mechanisms: the hypothalamic thirst center, the synthesis and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin), and the kidneys' responsiveness to this hormone. ADH is synthesized in the hypothalamus, released from the posterior pituitary, and acts on the distal nephron, allowing water reabsorption and concentrated urine production.Diabetes Insipidus and Its TypesIn diabetes insipidus (DI), this regulatory system is...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators
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Polyhydramnios: Causes, Diagnosis and Therapy.

A Hamza1, D Herr1, E F Solomayer2

  • 1Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar.

Geburtshilfe Und Frauenheilkunde
|April 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Polyhydramnios, an excess of amniotic fluid, increases risks for mother and baby. Treatments like amnioreduction and NSAIDs are explored, though NSAID use is not approved in Germany.

Keywords:
amniotic fluidhigh risk pregnancypolyhydramnios

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatology

Background:

  • Polyhydramnios, a pathological increase in amniotic fluid, is linked to significant perinatal morbidity and mortality.
  • Common causes include gestational diabetes, fetal anomalies affecting swallowing, and infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the definition, causes, diagnosis, symptoms, and management of polyhydramnios.
  • To discuss current and experimental prenatal treatment options.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis is primarily achieved through ultrasound.
  • Prognosis is determined by the underlying cause and severity of the condition.

Main Results:

  • Symptoms include maternal dyspnea, preterm labor, and abnormal fetal presentation.
  • Polyhydramnios is often associated with fetal macrosomia due to its link with gestational diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal treatments include amnioreduction and NSAIDs, though NSAID use for this indication is not approved in Germany.
  • Experimental therapies targeting fetal diuresis are under consideration.