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Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
271
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

382
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
382
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

379
Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
379
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug01:14

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug

358
In pharmacotherapy, monitoring drug concentrations is paramount, especially for drugs whose therapeutic effects hinge on both the active compound and its metabolite. Hepatic impairment profoundly influences drug potency by altering liver function. If the drug is more potent than its metabolite, impaired liver function amplifies drug activity due to elevated drug concentration levels. Conversely, if the metabolite holds greater potency, diminished liver function diminishes drug activity by...
358
Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

35
Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
35
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

53
DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
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A study of hepatic dysfunction in dengue.

Vaibhav Shukla, Ashok Chandr

    The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
    |April 30, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Dengue virus infection commonly causes liver dysfunction in all patients, with vomiting and elevated SGOT over SGPT levels being key indicators. Awareness of these non-classical symptoms is crucial for diagnosing dengue.

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    Area of Science:

    • * Infectious Diseases
    • * Hepatology
    • * Tropical Medicine

    Background:

    • * Dengue is a significant global health issue, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions.
    • * Classical dengue symptoms can sometimes mask other clinical presentations.
    • * Understanding atypical dengue manifestations is vital for timely diagnosis and management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To analyze the clinical features of dengue beyond classical presentations.
    • * To investigate the prevalence of liver dysfunction and specific biochemical markers in dengue patients.
    • * To highlight important, less common symptoms associated with dengue.

    Main Methods:

    • * Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 70 dengue patients.
    • * Evaluation of clinical symptoms, including vomiting and hepatosplenomegaly.
    • * Assessment of liver function tests, comparing SGOT and SGPT levels.

    Main Results:

    • * Liver dysfunction was observed in 100% of the analyzed dengue patients.
    • * Vomiting was a prominent symptom.
    • * Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) levels were consistently higher than Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) levels; hepatosplenomegaly and ascites were also noted in a significant proportion of patients.

    Conclusions:

    • * Liver dysfunction is a universal finding in dengue patients.
    • * Elevated SGOT compared to SGPT, vomiting, hepatosplenomegaly, and ascites are important clinical indicators.
    • * Clinicians should consider these non-classical signs when diagnosing suspected dengue cases.