Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata: an additional case.

Area of Science:

• Gynecologic Oncology
• Pathology
• Surgical Oncology

Background:

• Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (PPD) is a rare smooth muscle tumor affecting women of reproductive age.
• Characterized by multiple peritoneal nodules, PPD can mimic metastatic disease.
• Approximately 100 cases have been documented in medical literature.

Observation:

• Presents a case of PPD with nodules on the omentum, parietal peritoneum, and colon/rectum walls.
• The patient exhibited no signs of hormonal excess (estrogen, progesterone, or steroids) and had no history of hormone therapy.
• The patient had undergone laparoscopic myomectomy previously.

Findings:

• Microscopic examination revealed nodules composed of spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells.
• Immunohistochemistry confirmed positivity for smooth muscle actin, desmin, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor.
• The findings suggest a potential non-hormonal pathway in PPD development.

Implications:

• This case expands the understanding of PPD pathogenesis, particularly in non-hormonal contexts.
• Highlights the importance of considering PPD in women of reproductive age with peritoneal nodules, even without hormonal risk factors.
• Further research into the etiology of PPD is warranted to elucidate all contributing factors.