Gunshot injuries in the spine

Area of Science:

• Trauma Surgery
• Neurosurgery
• Spinal Cord Injury

Background:

• Gunshot wounds (GSWs) to the spine represent a growing concern for morbidity and mortality.
• These injuries disproportionately affect young men, frequently resulting in immobilization and complete neurological deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a literature review on treatment strategies for spinal gunshot wounds.
• To analyze current approaches and identify key decision-making factors in managing these complex injuries.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of existing medical literature was performed.
• The review focused on studies and case reports concerning the management of spinal GSWs.

Main Results:

• Spinal GSWs often lead to complete neurological deficits, with a higher incidence in young males.
• Immediate management includes advanced trauma life support and broad-spectrum antibiotics, particularly with gastrointestinal tract perforation.
• Surgical intervention is indicated for neurological deterioration, liquor fistula, instability, metal intoxication, or risk of bullet migration.

Conclusions:

• Surgical treatment for spinal GSWs carries a higher complication rate compared to conservative management.
• Surgeons must carefully weigh the risks and benefits, identifying patients who will genuinely benefit from operative intervention.