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When vegetation change alters ecosystem water availability.

Russell L Scott1, Travis E Huxman, Greg A Barron-Gafford

  • 1Southwest Watershed Research Center, USDA-ARS, Tucson, 85716, AZ, USA.

Global Change Biology
|April 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Groundwater access boosts carbon uptake and water vapor exchange in riparian ecosystems. However, vegetation type significantly influences these exchanges, with woody plants showing less variability than grasslands.

Keywords:
carbon dioxideecosystem water-useeddy covarianceevapotranspirationmesquite (Prosopis velutina)net ecosystem productionripariansacaton semiarid (Sporobolus wrightii)vegetation changewater-use efficiencywoody plant encroachment

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Ecosystem responses to climate change depend on vegetation and water availability.
  • Changes in plant cover alter access to soil water, impacting water vapor and carbon dioxide exchanges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes across riparian grassland, shrubland, and woodland ecosystems over five years.
  • To investigate the influence of groundwater access and vegetation type on ecosystem carbon uptake and evapotranspiration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized eddy covariance measurements to quantify water vapor (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes.
  • Compared flux data from riparian grassland, shrubland, and woodland sites with surrounding upland areas.
  • Analyzed the relationship between groundwater access, precipitation, vegetation density, and ecosystem exchange rates.

Main Results:

  • Riparian sites with groundwater access showed increased net carbon uptake (NEP) and evapotranspiration (ET) sustained year-round compared to uplands.
  • Woody plant density decoupled NEP and ET from precipitation, leading to higher, less variable exchange rates.
  • Grasslands exhibited higher respiration costs and more variable carbon fluxes, with NEP being lower than shrublands despite similar ET and GEP.

Conclusions:

  • Water accessibility is a critical factor modulating the effects of vegetation change on biosphere-atmosphere exchanges.
  • Ecosystem composition, particularly woody plant encroachment, significantly alters carbon and water dynamics.
  • Understanding these complex interactions is vital for predicting ecosystem responses to future climate and land cover changes.