Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
Published on: June 23, 2019
Multifunctional poly(Vinyl Amine)s bearing Azetidinium groups: one pot preparation in water and antimicrobial
Subrata Chattopadhyay1, Elisabeth Therese Heine, Helmut Keul
1Interactive Materials Research - DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V., and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D - 52056, Aachen, Germany.
Abstract:
A simple, robust one pot procedure for the preparation of waterborne multifunctional poly(vinyl amine)s (PVAms) is presented. By post-polymerization modification of PVAm with a bifunctional coupler and functional couplers cationic, reactive azetidinium groups, and alkyl chains are introduced in the side chains of PVAms. The structure-activity relations (effect of hydrophobic and cationic modifications) of these antimicrobial polymers are studied; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against both (Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria) of the library of multifunctional poly(vinyl amine)s are determined to identify the candidates with the highest efficacy. Furthermore, the hemolytic activity-the effective concentration at which 50 and 10% of red blood cells are killed (HC50 and HC10 )-of selected polymers is determined. The ability of the polymers prepared to differentiate between microorganisms (Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria) and mammalian cells (red blood cells) is understood by comparing MIC and HC values. Finally, as an example, the best polymer is used to prepare an antimicrobial surface.
Related Concept Videos
Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines
Antifungal Agents
Preparation of Amides
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...

