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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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High-plex Imaging using Spectral Confocal Microscopy to Minimize Non-specific Tissue Fluorescence
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Spectral K-edge subtraction imaging.

Y Zhu1, N Samadi, M Martinson

  • 1McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|April 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a spectral X-ray transmission method for material component imaging. This technique, spectral-KES, uses a continuous spectrum and a bent Laue monochromator for enhanced biological imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Synchrotron Radiation
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • K-edge subtraction (KES) imaging uses two energies to differentiate materials.
  • Existing methods require precise energy selection around absorption edges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a spectral X-ray transmission method for independent material component imaging.
  • To adapt KES principles using a continuous spectrum for enhanced imaging capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a bent Laue monochromator to create a continuous spectrum encompassing an element's absorption edge.
  • Employed an area detector where one dimension serves as an energy axis.
  • Applied a least-squares method to interpret transmitted spectral data for material quantification.

Main Results:

  • Developed a simple spectral-KES imaging system using a bent Laue monochromator and pixelated area detector.
  • Demonstrated the system's capability for projection and computed tomography imaging.
  • Presented successful applications in biological imaging.

Conclusions:

  • The spectral-KES method offers a straightforward approach to material-specific imaging.
  • The system is particularly suitable for synchrotron bend magnet beamlines with white beam access.
  • This technique advances quantitative imaging of material components in biological samples.