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Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
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Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis.

G D'Arena1, P Musto2

  • 1Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit , Rionero in Vulture (Pz), Italy.

Translational Medicine @ Unisa
|April 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is a common, asymptomatic condition found in up to 12% of healthy individuals. While most MBL cases are chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-like and may progress to CLL, current indicators for this evolution are lacking.

Keywords:
Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosischronic lymphocytic leukemiadiagnostic criteria, management

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Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining, Imaging, and Analysis in Histological Samples of Lymphoma
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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunophenotyping
  • Clinical diagnostics

Background:

  • Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is defined by a small clonal B-cell population in peripheral blood without overt disease signs.
  • MBL is prevalent in 3-12% of the general population, varying with analytical sensitivity.
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-like MBL constitutes 75% of cases and may progress to CLL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) and its subtypes.
  • To discuss the potential progression of MBL to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).
  • To highlight current understanding of MBL's clinical and genetic characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Immunophenotyping to classify MBL subtypes (CLL-like, atypical CLL-like, CD5(-)).
  • Analysis of clone size to differentiate high-count (clinical) MBL from low-count MBL.
  • Detection of cytogenetic abnormalities (e.g., 13q-, 17p-, trisomy 12) and genetic mutations (e.g., TP53, ATM).

Main Results:

  • MBL is classified into CLL-like (75%), atypical CLL-like, and CD5(-) subtypes.
  • Two forms of MBL exist: high-count (clinical) and low-count, identified through screening.
  • MBL can exhibit CLL-associated cytogenetic abnormalities, but high-risk genetic lesions are rare.

Conclusions:

  • No definitive prognostic indicator for MBL progression to CLL is currently established.
  • Annual clinical and laboratory monitoring is recommended for individuals with MBL.
  • MBL is considered a precursor to CLL, necessitating ongoing surveillance.