Masticatory efficiency in complete denture wearers with reduced dental arches--a randomised cross-over study

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Manufacturing complete dentures can be challenging due to reduced interarch space, sometimes necessitating the omission of second molars.
• The omission of second molars in complete dentures is often considered acceptable as it may not affect aesthetics, phonetics, or comfort.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare masticatory efficiency in patients with complete dentures lacking second molars (WSM) versus those with full dental arches (FDA).
• To evaluate the impact of second molar placement on masticatory efficiency in complete denture wearers.

Main Methods:

• Twenty subjects were randomly assigned to receive either WSM or FDA complete dentures.
• Masticatory efficiency was assessed using Optocal artificial test food before and after second molar placement/removal.
• Comminuted food material was processed and sieved to quantify masticatory efficiency.

Main Results:

• Initial tests showed mean masticatory efficiency of 8.4 (WSM) and 10.4 (FDA).
• After adjustments, Group 1 (WSM to FDA) showed a mean efficiency of 15.7, while Group 2 (FDA to WSM) showed 12.5.
• The study indicates that masticatory efficiency is not significantly compromised when second molars are omitted.

Conclusions:

• Complete dentures can be manufactured with artificial teeth up to the first molars when necessary.
• Omitting second molars in complete dentures appears to be a feasible option without compromising masticatory efficiency.