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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

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The structured diagnostic interview for sleep patterns and disorders: rationale and initial evaluation.

K R Merikangas1, J Zhang1, H Emsellem2

  • 1Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Sleep Medicine
|May 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Diagnostic Interview for Sleep Patterns and Disorders (DISP) shows initial validity in detecting various sleep disorders. This structured interview administered by lay interviewers aids in identifying primary and secondary sleep conditions.

Keywords:
Area under the curve (AUC)ConcordanceDiagnostic InterviewInternational Classification of Sleep DisordersSleep disordersValidity

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Diagnostic Tools
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Accurate diagnosis of sleep disorders is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Structured interviews can aid in systematic data collection for sleep conditions.
  • The Diagnostic Interview for Sleep Patterns and Disorders (DISP) was developed to address diagnostic needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the initial validity of the DISP administered by trained lay interviewers.
  • To assess the DISP's ability to diagnose a range of sleep disorders.

Main Methods:

  • 225 patients with sleep disorders were recruited from two US sleep centers.
  • The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, second edition (ICSD-2) criteria were used for classification.
  • DISP diagnoses were compared against specialist diagnoses (clinical history, examination, polysomnography).

Main Results:

  • DISP showed fair to substantial concordance with clinician diagnoses (AUC 0.65-0.84).
  • Sensitivity ranged from 0.50 (RBD) to 0.87 (insomnia); specificity exceeded 0.8 for five disorders.
  • DISP was more likely to detect secondary sleep disorders than clinicians.

Conclusions:

  • The DISP is a valuable tool for detecting diverse sleep disorders in clinical settings.
  • It is particularly useful for identifying secondary sleep disorders not initially recognized.
  • The DISP supports systematic diagnosis by trained lay interviewers.