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Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

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Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia,...
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Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis01:24

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The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
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Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
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Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, constantly move through blood capillaries. As a result, they damage their plasma membrane due to the continuous friction. Typically, after 100 to 120 days, erythrocytes become rigid and fragile as they wear out. As they pass through small vessels in the spleen and liver, they can get trapped and break apart into fragments.
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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Related Experiment Video

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Lentiviral-mediated Knockdown During Ex Vivo Erythropoiesis of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells
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Developmental transcriptome analysis of human erythropoiesis.

Lihong Shi1, Yu-Hsuan Lin2, M C Sierant1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and.

Human Molecular Genetics
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Summary

This study reveals novel transcripts and splicing patterns during human red blood cell development. It provides a foundational resource for understanding the complex transcriptional regulation of erythropoiesis.

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Identification and Analysis of Mouse Erythroid Progenitors using the CD71/TER119 Flow-cytometric Assay
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Mouse Fetal Liver Culture System to Dissect Target Gene Functions at the Early and Late Stages of Terminal Erythropoiesis
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Identification and Analysis of Mouse Erythroid Progenitors using the CD71/TER119 Flow-cytometric Assay
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Terminal erythroid differentiation involves complex transcriptional regulation.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for insights into red blood cell development and related disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively map the transcriptional landscape during human erythroid differentiation.
  • To identify novel transcripts, alternative splicing events, and differentially expressed genes.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on primary human CD34(+) cells undergoing ex vivo erythroid differentiation.
  • Rigorous data filtering and analysis were applied to identify novel transcripts and gene expression patterns.

Main Results:

  • Thousands of novel intergenic and intronic transcripts, along with alternative isoforms, were identified.
  • 51 novel protein-coding transcripts, 5326 long non-coding RNAs, and 679 small non-coding RNAs were detected.
  • Transcriptional complexity was mainly driven by alternative splicing, which decreased during differentiation.
  • 404 previously unrecognized differentially expressed genes in erythroid cells were annotated.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a comprehensive transcriptional atlas of human erythroid differentiation.
  • The findings offer new insights into the regulatory hierarchy controlling red blood cell development.
  • This resource will facilitate future research into erythropoiesis and associated pathologies.