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Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

2.5K
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Shearing Stress01:18

Shearing Stress

2.5K
Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
2.5K
Stress: General Loading Conditions01:15

Stress: General Loading Conditions

743
To grasp the intricacy of real-world conditions where multiple loads are applied simultaneously to a structure, one might visualize a section passing through a specific point within a body, aligned parallel to the xy plane. This section is subjected to various forces, including original loads, normal forces, and shearing forces.
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes....
743
Components of Stress01:23

Components of Stress

674
Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
Interestingly, the hidden cube faces also experience these stresses, equal and...
674
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

1.1K
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Shearing Stresses in a Beam: Problem Solving01:14

Shearing Stresses in a Beam: Problem Solving

878
A cantilever beam with a rectangular cross-section under distributed and point loads experiences shearing stresses. The analysis begins by identifying the loads acting on the beam. Then, the reactions at the beam's fixed end are calculated using equilibrium equations. The vertical reaction is a combination of the distributed and point loads, while the moment reaction is the sum of their moments. The shear force distribution along the beam, resulting from these loads, is established by creating...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Implantation of a Carotid Cuff for Triggering Shear-stress Induced Atherosclerosis in Mice
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Implantation of a Carotid Cuff for Triggering Shear-stress Induced Atherosclerosis in Mice

Published on: January 13, 2012

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Shear stress and atherosclerosis.

Kyung-Sun Heo1, Keigi Fujiwara, Jun-ichi Abe

  • 1Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Molecules and Cells
|May 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Hemodynamic shear stress influences endothelial cell function. Disturbed blood flow, unlike laminar flow, promotes atherosclerosis through specific cellular signaling pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Endothelial Cell Function
  • Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Hemodynamic shear stress is vital for maintaining vascular endothelial cell homeostasis.
  • Endothelial cells exhibit distinct responses to steady laminar flow versus disturbed flow patterns.
  • Laminar flow is atheroprotective, whereas disturbed flow contributes to an atheroprone environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cellular mechanisms underlying flow-dependent regulation of vascular function.
  • To summarize current understanding of how disturbed flow signaling contributes to atherosclerosis development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on shear stress and endothelial cell responses.
  • Analysis of in vivo and in vitro models studying flow patterns.

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Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression
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Electrophysiological Recordings of Single-cell Ion Currents Under Well-defined Shear Stress
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Electrophysiological Recordings of Single-cell Ion Currents Under Well-defined Shear Stress

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Implantation of a Carotid Cuff for Triggering Shear-stress Induced Atherosclerosis in Mice
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Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression
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  • Examination of signaling pathways implicated in disturbed flow-mediated atherosclerosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Endothelial cells respond differently to laminar and disturbed shear stress.
    • Disturbed flow activates specific signaling pathways promoting atherosclerosis.
    • Cellular mechanisms link disturbed flow to cardiovascular events like atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.

    Conclusions:

    • Disturbed blood flow is a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis.
    • Understanding disturbed flow-mediated signaling pathways is crucial for targeting cardiovascular disease.
    • Further research into these pathways can reveal novel therapeutic strategies.