Operating theatre quality and prevention of surgical site infections

Area of Science:

• Infection Control
• Hospital Epidemiology
• Surgical Safety

Background:

• Surgical site infections (SSI) represent a significant portion of hospital-acquired and nosocomial infections.
• Increasing numbers of elderly patients, those with chronic/immunocompromising conditions, and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms contribute to SSI prevalence.
• Patient-related (endogenous) and procedure-related (external) factors, alongside operating theatre quality, significantly influence SSI risk.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the multifactorial nature of surgical site infections.
• To emphasize the critical role of operating theatre quality in preventing SSI.
• To underscore the need for a multidisciplinary approach in SSI prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on risk factors for surgical site infections.
• Analysis of patient-related and procedure-related factors influencing SSI rates.
• Examination of operating theatre environmental factors and international guidelines for infection control.

Main Results:

• SSI are a substantial cause of morbidity and death in surgical patients.
• Operating theatre quality, including environmental control (positive pressure, HEPA filtration), is a key determinant of surgical wound infection rates.
• International guidelines exist for environmental features and infection control strategies to prevent SSI.

Conclusions:

• Preventing surgical site infections requires meticulous control of the operating theatre environment.
• A multidisciplinary approach involving all stakeholders, from design to daily function, is essential for effective SSI prevention.
• Adherence to international guidelines and continuous staff training are vital components of SSI reduction strategies.