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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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1.2K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.9K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

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In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the...
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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Novel multipole Wien filter as three-dimensional spin manipulator.

T Yasue1, M Suzuki1, K Tsuno2

  • 1Fundamental Electronics Research Institute, Osaka Electro-Communication University, 18-8 Hatsu-cho, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8530, Japan.

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A novel multipole Wien filter enables arbitrary control of spin polarization for electron beams. This advancement is crucial for applications in magnetism and high-energy physics, enhancing material characterization techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Electron Microscopy

Background:

  • Spin-polarized electron beams are vital for magnetism-related material characterization and high-energy particle physics.
  • Precise manipulation of spin polarization is essential for these advanced studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and develop a novel multipole Wien filter for three-dimensional spin manipulation.
  • To apply the developed filter to spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy (SPLEEM) and evaluate its performance.

Main Methods:

  • Design and development of a prototype 8-pole multipole Wien filter.
  • Integration of the Wien filter into a SPLEEM setup.
  • Evaluation of magnetic contrast variations by controlling spin polarization.

Main Results:

  • Successful development of a prototype 8-pole multipole Wien filter.
  • Demonstration of three-dimensional spin manipulation capabilities.
  • Confirmation of the filter's effectiveness in SPLEEM for managing magnetic contrast.

Conclusions:

  • The novel multipole Wien filter serves as an effective three-dimensional spin manipulator.
  • This technology offers enhanced control for spin-polarized electron beam applications.
  • The findings are significant for advancements in magnetic materials research and particle physics.