Benzosulfonamides in wastewater: method development, occurrence and removal efficiencies
Akinranti Ajibola1, Pablo Gago-Ferrero1, Viola L Borova1
1Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
Benzosulfonamides (BeSAs) are emerging environmental contaminants. A new LC-MS/MS method detected benzenesulfonamide (BSA), o-toluenesulfonamide (o-TSA), and p-toluenesulfonamide (p-TSA) in wastewater, with o-TSA forming during treatment.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Analytical Chemistry
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Benzosulfonamides (BeSAs) are industrial chemicals with increasing environmental concern.
- Limited analytical methods and occurrence data exist for BeSAs in the environment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and optimize an analytical method for determining three BeSAs in wastewater.
- To investigate the occurrence and removal of BeSAs in a wastewater treatment plant.
Main Methods:
- Pseudo-Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
- Solid-phase extraction (SPE) for sample preparation.
- Analysis of influent and effluent wastewater samples.
Main Results:
- The method achieved good recoveries (83-118%) and low detection limits (11-89 ng L(-1)).
- o-TSA and p-TSA were detected in 100% of samples; BSA in 43% of effluents.
- Concentrations up to 1.4 μg L(-1) were found, with o-TSA forming during treatment.
Conclusions:
- The developed LC-MS/MS method is suitable for reliable BeSA quantification in wastewater.
- This study provides the first evidence of BeSA occurrence in Greece.
- Wastewater treatment showed variable BeSA removal, with o-TSA formation observed.
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