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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
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ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
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Phase transitions in Brownian pumps.

Marcel Dierl1, Wolfgang Dieterich2, Mario Einax3

  • 1Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|May 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stochastic particle transport in channels shows phase transitions due to particle interactions. These transitions are a common feature of Brownian motors in open systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Systems

Background:

  • Brownian motors are nanoscale devices that convert random motion into directed movement.
  • Understanding particle transport in confined systems is crucial for nanotechnology and biophysics.
  • Exclusion interactions significantly influence particle dynamics in crowded environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate stochastic particle transport driven by a traveling wave potential in a channel.
  • To analyze the impact of exclusion interactions on particle density and current.
  • To identify phase transitions in particle transport phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling particle transport using a traveling wave potential.
  • Incorporating exclusion interactions between particles.
  • Analyzing period-averaged densities and currents.

Main Results:

  • Phase transitions in particle densities and currents were observed within the channel.
  • These transitions are analogous to those in the asymmetric simple exclusion process.
  • The findings highlight the role of particle interactions in directed transport.

Conclusions:

  • Phase transitions are a generic characteristic of Brownian motors operating in open systems.
  • Exclusion interactions are key drivers of complex transport phenomena.
  • This study provides insights into the fundamental principles of directed stochastic transport.