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Anterior Segment Ischemia in Viper Bite.

Rathinam R Sivakumar1, Narsing A Rao2

  • 1a Uveitis Service, Aravind Eye Hospital & PG. Institute of Ophthalmology , Madurai , India and.

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
|May 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Viper bites can cause anterior segment ischemia, leading to iris atrophy, pupil changes, and low intraocular pressure (IOP). These ocular complications mimic uveitis, impacting vision.

Keywords:
Anterior segment ischemiacholinergic vasoconstrictioniris atrophyuveitis masqueradeviper bite

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Viper envenomation can lead to diverse systemic and local effects.
  • Ocular complications following viper bites are rare but can be severe.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the clinical and histopathological characteristics of anterior segment ischemia after viper bites.
  • To differentiate these findings from other ocular inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Seven patients with suspected post-viper bite ocular issues underwent comprehensive eye exams.
  • Slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, and fundus evaluation were performed.
  • Iris and fundus fluorescein angiography and iris histopathology were utilized in select cases.

Main Results:

  • Consistent clinical signs included iris atrophy, fixed mid-dilated pupils, pigment dispersion, and hypotony (low IOP).
  • Histopathology revealed iris stroma atrophy, necrotic pigment epithelium, and inflammatory cell infiltration.
  • Posterior segment remained unaffected; poor visual outcomes correlated with low IOP.

Conclusions:

  • Viper bite victims exhibit distinct clinical and histopathological signs of anterior segment ischemia.
  • These findings can mimic uveitis, necessitating specific diagnostic considerations.