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Source and destination memory: two sides of the same coin?

Isabel Lindner1, Héloïse Drouin, Annick F N Tanguay

  • 1a Department of Psychology , University of Kassel , Kassel , Germany.

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Destination memory, recalling to whom you told something, is not always poorer than source memory. This study found destination memory is not particularly impaired by aging, contrary to prior suggestions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Source memory (recalling information source) and destination memory (recalling information recipient) are crucial for social interaction.
  • Previous research suggested destination memory is generally weaker than source memory and declines significantly with age.
  • Limited empirical investigation exists for destination memory, particularly concerning age-related differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether destination memory is consistently poorer than source memory.
  • To examine the impact of aging on destination and source memory performance.
  • To explore the relationship between destination memory, source memory, and item memory.

Main Methods:

  • Young and older adults participated in experiments involving intentional and incidental encoding.
  • Participants performed destination encoding (reading to examiners) and source encoding (listening to examiners).
  • Cognitive demands during destination encoding were manipulated in one experiment.

Main Results:

  • Destination memory was significantly poorer than source memory only when cognitive demands were increased during encoding.
  • Older adults performed comparably to younger adults on both destination and source memory tasks.
  • Destination and source memory scores were positively correlated, suggesting shared underlying processes.
  • Item memory was superior for spoken sentences (destination encoding) compared to heard sentences (source encoding).

Conclusions:

  • Destination memory is not inherently poorer than source memory and its performance depends on encoding conditions.
  • Normal aging does not appear to significantly impair destination memory.
  • Destination and source memory likely rely on overlapping cognitive mechanisms.
  • Encoding modality influences item memory, with spoken information yielding better recall.