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Eco-evolutionary dynamics induced by massive mortality events.

S Vincenzi1, A J Crivelli, W H Satterthwaite

  • 1Center for Stock Assessment Research, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, U.S.A.; Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, I-20133, Milan, Italy.

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PubMed
Summary

Evolutionary changes in marble trout growth rates did not enhance population resilience to floods. Despite altered population structures, recovery times remained similar whether growth evolved or remained fixed.

Keywords:
floodslife historiesmarble troutsomatic growthtrade-off

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Periodic flood events pose significant threats to freshwater fish populations.
  • Understanding population resilience requires examining the interplay between genetic evolution and ecological factors.
  • Marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) populations are susceptible to environmental disturbances like floods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the evolution of growth rates affects population structure and resilience in marble trout.
  • To compare population dynamics and recovery potential between evolving and non-evolving growth rate scenarios.
  • To determine if adaptive evolution of growth can accelerate population rebound after flood events.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of an eco-genetic model for marble trout populations.
  • Simulation of periodic flood events and their impact on population dynamics.
  • Comparison of simulation outcomes between populations with evolving and fixed growth rate distributions.
  • Analysis of population structure, size at age, and extinction risk under different evolutionary scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Populations with evolving growth rates exhibited a higher proportion of age 1 individuals and greater median length at age 3.
  • Evolving populations showed slightly smaller overall population sizes but no increased extinction risk.
  • Resilience, measured by rebound time after flood collapse, was consistently 2-3 years in both evolving and fixed scenarios.
  • No significant difference in population resilience was observed between the two scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary changes in growth rates, even with moderate heritability, do not significantly improve marble trout population resilience to flood-induced collapses.
  • Factors such as density-dependent processes and rapid recovery to safe population sizes limit the adaptive potential for faster recovery through growth rate evolution.
  • Population structure and size at age are modified by evolving growth rates, but this does not translate to enhanced resilience against major disturbances.