Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.4K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.4K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

20.2K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
20.2K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

3.1K
3.1K
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

10.1K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
10.1K
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

132.7K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
132.7K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

6.6K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
6.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Laplacian Dynamics and Kron Reduction in Species-Reaction Graphs of Chemical Reaction Networks.

Bulletin of mathematical biology·2026
Same author

Automated Hierarchical Block Decomposition of Biochemical Networks.

IEEE transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics·2025
Same author

Mathematical basis and toolchain for hierarchical optimization of biochemical networks.

PLoS computational biology·2024
Same author

Anasarca and Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome as an Unusual Presentation of Juvenile Dermatomyositis: Report of Three Cases and Case-Based Review.

International journal of rheumatic diseases·2024
Same author

Incidence of refractive surprise after phacoemulsification in patients of cataract with primary pterygium.

Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society·2023
Same author

A computational view of short-term plasticity and its implications for E-I balance.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2023
Same journal

Invaders taking over-Mollusc faunal change in volcanic barrier lakes of the Albertine Rift biodiversity hotspot.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

AI-driven molecular diversification and ligand-based optimization of macitentan derivatives targeting VEGFR1 and endothelin signaling pathways.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Performance patterns and records in the world aquatics masters championships: Where do the most frequently represented nations among the top-ten masters swimmers come from?

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Modeling diurnal Temperature-Rainfall relationships under multicollinearity using PLS-SEM: A case study of Ghana.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Organizational culture, social capital, and emergency capacity in primary healthcare institutions: A cross-sectional structural equation modeling study comparing ordinary and older communities.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Impact of kidney function on the metabolome in the general population.

PloS one·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

7.6K

Transcription control pathways decode patterned synaptic inputs into diverse mRNA expression profiles.

Pragati Jain1, Upinder S Bhalla2

  • 1National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India; Manipal University, Manipal, India.

Plos One
|May 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models how cells choose which messenger RNA (mRNA) to synthesize for long-term memory. It reveals distinct signaling pathways that decode stimulus patterns into specific mRNA combinations.

More Related Videos

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

22.0K
In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation
09:13

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

Published on: April 30, 2014

12.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

7.6K
Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

22.0K
In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation
09:13

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

Published on: April 30, 2014

12.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Synaptic plasticity, crucial for long-term memory, depends on transcription and translation.
  • Various stimuli, including synaptic activity and growth factors, initiate messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis to modify synapses.
  • A central question is how cells select specific mRNAs from a vast repertoire for synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a biochemically detailed model of synaptic-activity-triggered mRNA synthesis.
  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying mRNA selection in response to stimuli.
  • To understand how stimulus patterns are decoded into specific mRNA expression profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a biochemically detailed computational model of mRNA synthesis regulation.
  • Integrated major regulatory pathways connecting synaptic input to mRNA production.
  • Parameterized and validated the model using data from published experimental studies, including knockout experiments.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct time-courses and amplitudes in signaling pathways regulating mRNA synthesis.
  • Demonstrated pattern-selective combinatorial decoding of stimulus patterns into distinct mRNA subtypes.
  • Showed that distinct input patterns interact nonlinearly to generate novel mRNA combinations.

Conclusions:

  • The model successfully replicates experimental outcomes, including knockout experiment results.
  • Pattern-selectivity mechanisms in transcriptional control networks can decode temporal patterns into combinatorial mRNA expression.
  • These mechanisms may be broadly applicable across various cell types for complex cellular responses.