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Characterization of nanoparticle delivery in microcirculation using a microfluidic device.

Antony Thomas1, Jifu Tan2, Yaling Liu3

  • 1Bioengineering program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.

Microvascular Research
|May 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Particle delivery in microcirculation is influenced by vessel geometry and blood cells. Red blood cells (RBCs) significantly enhance particle binding, especially for larger particles, impacting drug distribution in microvasculature.

Keywords:
Bifurcation regionMicrocirculationMicrofluidic chipMicrovasculatureNanoparticleParticle distributionRed blood cellsShear rate

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Microfluidics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Microvasculature presents unique challenges for particle delivery due to vessel size and the presence of blood cells.
  • Particle distribution and binding are significantly affected by microvascular geometry and flow conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize particle delivery and binding in a microfluidic model of microcirculation.
  • To investigate the influence of vessel geometry, shear rate, red blood cells (RBCs), particle size, and antibody density on particle distribution and binding.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro study using a microfluidic chip with rectangular cross-section channels mimicking microvessels.
  • Systematic variation of parameters including shear rate, RBC concentration, particle size (210 nm and 2 μm), and particle antibody density.

Main Results:

  • Particle binding density was approximately 10% higher in bifurcation regions compared to straight channels.
  • Increased shear rates led to decreased particle binding density.
  • RBCs significantly enhanced particle binding (2-3x for 210 nm, 6-10x for 2 μm particles) at shear rates of 200-1600 s⁻¹.
  • Enhanced binding with RBCs was more pronounced for 2 μm particles, suggesting size-dependent distribution to the cell-free layer.
  • Higher particle antibody density correlated with increased particle binding density.

Conclusions:

  • Microvascular geometry and flow dynamics critically influence particle delivery and binding.
  • Red blood cells play a crucial role in enhancing particle binding in microcirculation, with a notable size-dependent effect.
  • Optimizing particle characteristics, such as antibody coating, is essential for improving targeted delivery in microvasculature.