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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
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Components of Language01:24

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
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Approaching early grammatical intervention from a sentence-focused framework.

Pamela A Hadley

    Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools
    |May 3, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Early grammatical intervention should focus on sentence development for young children with language disorders. This sentence-focused framework helps clinicians choose effective treatment targets for early language development.

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    Area of Science:

    • Linguistics
    • Child Language Acquisition
    • Speech-Language Pathology

    Background:

    • The sentence is the fundamental unit of grammar.
    • Early language development is crucial for children at risk for language disorders.
    • Effective intervention requires targeted approaches to grammatical development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a sentence-focused framework for selecting treatment targets in early grammatical intervention.
    • To provide a response to Kamhi (2014) regarding early language intervention strategies.
    • To guide clinicians in a comprehensive approach to early grammatical intervention.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of literature on lexical verbs, sentence structure, and tense/agreement morphemes.
    • Summarization of developmental expectations for grammatical components.
    • Synthesis of research to inform intervention strategies.

    Main Results:

    • Established the foundational role of the sentence in grammatical development.
    • Identified key relationships between lexical verbs, sentence structure, and grammatical morphemes.
    • Outlined developmental trajectories for early grammatical skills.

    Conclusions:

    • Early grammatical intervention must prioritize sentence development for at-risk children.
    • A sentence-focused framework aids in selecting appropriate and effective grammatical objectives.
    • Recommendations are provided for facilitating grammatical objectives in early childhood intervention.