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Related Experiment Videos

How some T cells escape tolerance induction.

G Gammon1, E Sercarz

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.

Nature
|November 9, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Self-reactive T cells in healthy animals can trigger autoimmune diseases. These T cells escape tolerance by recognizing minor antigen determinants, which are less available for normal activation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • T cell biology

Background:

  • Many animal models of autoimmune disease feature self-reactive T cells in healthy individuals.
  • These T cells are activated by exogenous antigen, but the mechanisms of tolerance evasion are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate why self-reactive T cells escape thymic deletion and spontaneous activation.
  • To examine a model where mice are tolerant to an antigen despite the presence of reactive T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Studied an experimental mouse model of antigen tolerance.
  • Analyzed T cell specificity in relation to antigen processing and presentation.

Main Results:

  • T cells escaping tolerance were specific for minor determinants on the antigen.
  • These minor determinants are less available after in vivo antigen processing.

Conclusions:

  • Self-reactive T cells evade tolerance induction due to low availability of minor determinants.
  • These T cells can be activated under specific conditions, leading to disease.

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